1. Design and Planning Phase
Reasonable Site Selection and Layout:
Carefully evaluate natural factors such as sunlight conditions, meteorological data, terrain, and surrounding environments (e.g., building obstructions). Ensure photovoltaic modules receive sufficient sunlight and avoid potential damage caused by natural disasters or environmental factors.Equipment Selection:
Choose reliable, high-quality equipment (e.g., PV modules, inverters, brackets) certified by authoritative organizations. Select specifications and models based on project requirements and environmental conditions to ensure compatibility and proper integration of system components.System Design:
Engage professional electrical engineers to design the system following relevant standards and guidelines. Design aspects should include electrical connections, lightning protection, overvoltage protection, and islanding protection to ensure safety and reliability during normal and fault conditions.
2. Installation and Construction Quality Control
Qualified Teams and Staff Training:
Employ experienced construction teams with necessary certifications, and provide professional training to ensure familiarity with installation techniques, quality requirements, and safety regulations.Quality Inspection During Installation:
Conduct quality control checks throughout construction, following design blueprints and standards. Focus on critical areas like module installation, electrical wiring, and bracket mounting to ensure compliance with quality requirements.Grounding System Construction:
Ensure proper grounding to meet design requirements. This minimizes overvoltage risks from lightning or electrical faults, protecting both equipment and personnel.
3. Operation and Maintenance Management
Monitoring and Detection:
Install a comprehensive monitoring system to track the operational status of the PV system in real-time, including module output power, inverter parameters, and grid voltage and frequency. Quickly identify and address abnormalities.Regular Maintenance:
Develop a detailed maintenance plan. Regularly clean and inspect PV modules, and perform upkeep on inverters and distribution cabinets. Replace aging or damaged components promptly to maintain performance and reliability.Fault Handling and Emergency Response:
Establish a robust fault response mechanism and emergency plans. Rapidly respond to system faults to minimize impacts on operation.
4. Safety Measures
Electrical Safety:
Adhere strictly to electrical safety standards during design, installation, and operation. Display clear safety warnings and implement protective measures for electrical equipment to prevent accidents like electric shocks.Fire Safety:
Use fire-resistant materials for modules and equipment. Equip installation sites with appropriate firefighting tools, develop fire emergency plans, and strengthen fire safety management.Lightning Protection:
Beyond a reliable grounding system, install lightning protection devices (e.g., lightning rods, strips, and arresters) on PV arrays and inverters to safeguard against lightning damage.
5. Quality Assurance and Standards Compliance
Quality Certification:
Ensure that all selected PV products and equipment are certified by organizations such as TUV, UL, or Golden Sun. These certifications validate the quality and performance of products, guaranteeing system safety and reliability.Adherence to Standards:
Follow national and industry-specific standards, such as the Photovoltaic Power Station Design Code and Technical Specifications for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power Stations. Compliance ensures that the design, installation, operation, and maintenance of the distributed PV system meet regulatory requirements.
