Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2024-12-06 Origin: Site
Flat roofs can vary greatly in structure, with common types being concrete and flat steel structures. Concrete flat roofs generally have higher load-bearing capacity, but additional structural layers like waterproofing or insulation may affect the installation of photovoltaic (PV) mounting systems. For flat steel roofs, attention must be paid to factors such as span, steel specifications, and strength, as these directly influence the roof’s load-bearing capacity.
1. Structural Features
Fixed tilt mounting systems are primarily composed of columns, beams, braces, and connectors:
Columns provide support for the entire structure and are fixed to the roof foundation.
Beams support the PV modules, ensuring their alignment.
Braces enhance stability, preventing deformation or collapse under wind or snow loads.
These components are typically assembled using bolts, welding, or rivets, forming a robust framework.
2. Angle Configuration Principle
The installation angle is predetermined based on local latitude and solar radiation patterns. Generally, the optimal angle aligns with the local latitude, but adjustments may be made for seasonal changes, surrounding terrain, and shading. For instance:
In the Northern Hemisphere, adding 10–15° to the latitude may maximize winter solar radiation.
Subtracting 10–15° could optimize summer generation.
Once installed, the angle remains fixed.
3. Advantages
High Stability: With a simple design and no moving parts, fixed tilt systems are resilient to wind, snow, and seismic forces.
Lower Cost: Simplified construction reduces material and installation costs, making it cost-effective for budget-conscious projects.
Minimal Maintenance: Fewer components mean reduced maintenance complexity, lowering overall costs.
4. Disadvantages
Limited Efficiency: The fixed angle cannot adapt to changes in the sun’s position, reducing solar radiation capture during certain times and seasons.
5. Applications
Small PV Systems: Ideal for residential or small commercial installations where power needs are modest.
Regions with Stable Sunlight: Particularly effective in areas with abundant and consistent solar resources.
1. Components
Adjustable systems include support structures (columns and beams), adjustment mechanisms, and connectors:
Adjustment Mechanisms involve rotation axes, screws, or gears for angle and height adjustments.
2. Adjustment Features
Angle Adjustment: Adjusting the module’s angle via handles or motorized drives (in automated systems) ensures optimal alignment with sunlight.
Height Adjustment: Screw-based mechanisms allow vertical movement of modules, improving exposure to sunlight.
3. Advantages
Enhanced Efficiency: Real-time angle adjustments maximize solar radiation capture, boosting efficiency by 10–30% compared to fixed systems.
Flexibility: Accommodates irregular roofs, obstacles, and varying conditions, making it versatile for complex installations.
1. Ballasted Mounting Systems
Principle: Stability is achieved through weighted elements like concrete blocks or sandbags, avoiding structural penetration or anchoring.
Advantages:
Low impact on roof structures, preserving waterproofing layers.
Flexible installation and easy relocation for temporary systems.
2. Structural Mounting Systems
Composed of columns, beams, and braces, these systems are suited for large-scale ground installations or spacious rooftops.
Advantages:
Simple design and high reliability with minimal maintenance requirements.
Flat roofs often favor fixed tilt systems due to cost efficiency and simplicity. However, adjustable systems are suitable for those requiring angle flexibility. Contact us for tailored solutions or further assistance.
